企業戰略的主要類型及其應用(三)
研究(jiu)發現,中(zhong)外企(qi)(qi)業(ye)競(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)發展案例(li)不(bu)斷(duan)證明(ming),基于(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)競(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)優(you)勢(shi)是(shi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)競(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)優(you)勢(shi)的(de)重要(yao)方面,我們(men)有(you)必要(yao)在(zai)傳(chuan)統“低(di)(di)成(cheng)本、差(cha)異化、專一化”三種一般(ban)競(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)(lve)基礎(chu)上,補充加(jia)入“精(jing)益質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)”戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)(lve)。精(jing)益質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)意(yi)指不(bu)斷(duan)追求(qiu)卓越的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)理念(nian)和卓越的(de)技術(shu)(shu)和產(chan)品(pin)。此處精(jing)益質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)可認(ren)為包括技術(shu)(shu)領(ling)先(xian)(xian)(xian)和質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)領(ling)先(xian)(xian)(xian)。離開(kai)“精(jing)益質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)”,其他(ta)三項戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)(lve)的(de)效果將(jiang)大(da)打折扣,企(qi)(qi)業(ye)競(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)(li)也難以持久(jiu)。成(cheng)本領(ling)先(xian)(xian)(xian)與質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)領(ling)先(xian)(xian)(xian)應是(shi)相伴隨的(de),即(ji)(ji)要(yao)求(qiu)同(tong)樣(yang)成(cheng)本條件(jian)下更(geng)高質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)能力(li)(li),或同(tong)樣(yang)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)更(geng)低(di)(di)成(cheng)本的(de)能力(li)(li),低(di)(di)成(cheng)本不(bu)應是(shi)低(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)領(ling)先(xian)(xian)(xian)戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)(lve)還要(yao)求(qiu)具有(you)超(chao)越別(bie)人的(de)高質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)能力(li)(li),即(ji)(ji)具有(you)其他(ta)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)無法達到(dao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)水(shui)平。技術(shu)(shu)領(ling)先(xian)(xian)(xian)也是(shi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)重要(yao)戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)(lve),其與差(cha)異化戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)(lve)和質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)領(ling)先(xian)(xian)(xian)戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)(lve)相伴隨。技術(shu)(shu)一方面體現在(zai)研究(jiu)開(kai)發上,能開(kai)發出差(cha)異化的(de)產(chan)品(pin),沒有(you)技術(shu)(shu)能力(li)(li)差(cha)異化戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)(lve)將(jiang)是(shi)有(you)心無力(li)(li);技術(shu)(shu)另一方面體現在(zai)工藝能力(li)(li)上,即(ji)(ji)能將(jiang)產(chan)品(pin)做得非(fei)常精(jing)細,以高質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)取勝。